File:Mastering power production; the industrial, economic and social problems involved and their solution (1921) (14775395041).jpg

Identifier: masteringpowerpr01pola (find matches)
Title: Mastering power production ; the industrial, economic and social problems involved and their solution
Year: 1921 (1920s)
Authors: Polakov, Walter N. (Walter Nicholas), 1879-1948
Subjects: Efficiency, Industrial Power-plants
Publisher: New York, The Engineering magazine company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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0 « Supplies■■->> ej. Coi -t of 2.5 *4 ■9J 2.0 °? Cos t of c 00/ UU015 eo< •e —, ).00(j 900 000 uoo ,000 1.50 ),000 l,80( ,000 2.I0C ,000 2.40 D.00C 2,70 3.000 Ki lowatt Hours per Month Fig. 113.—Curves of Standard Operating Cost This diagram represents standard expenses of a carbo-electric portion of aplant of a public utility company; hydro-electric plant standard expenses areshown in Fig. in. Costs based on prices prevailing in 1913. station feeding the lines of an electrified trunk railroad. The plural-ity of waves on the fuel-cost curves, etc., is due to the decreaseof efficiency occurring every time an additional unit is cut in anduntil the load on all reaches a more favorable point. The tendencyof the total standard cost curve to go steadily downward with theincrease of the output rate is due to the water rate of generatingunits, higher boiler efficiency, reduced banking, etc., as well as todistribution of other expenses over a large output. 349
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s-ie> u°a 350 The practical use of such predetermined standard costs can bemade extremely simple by employing these graphs. For busy execu-tives or owners, the entire cost record visualized by graphical repre-sentations of the items of the account is found very convenient. Anexample of such a graph is seen in Figure 114, wherein the actualunit cost and the standard unit cost are plotted to the same scale,the deviation of one from the other suggesting at a glance the degreeof perfection of the performance. The total-expense curve and thecumulative-expense curve may be shown on the same graph to asuitable scale; the latter curve is found very serviceable for com-paring these items with the appropriation made. A cost systemkept on a card file in this manner will represent clearly in any de-sired detail for any period and at any time: 1 How much was spent 2 How much each unit of output cost 3 How much it should have cost 4 What the fluctuations of expenses and unit cost are 5 What the

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